The United States of America (conventional short form as the United States and abbreviated as US or USA) is the world's oldest surviving federation. US has 3.79 million square miles and is considered as the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest both by land area and population. US is bordered by Canada and Mexico and is bounded by both the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Pacific Ocean, between Canada and Mexico. The total length of the coastline of US is 19,924 km.
The United States of America comprises of 50 states and 1 federal district (Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, ennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin and Wyoming) and 1 federal district with a constitutional republic and representative democracy. In the American federalist system, citizens are usually subject to three levels of government, federal, state, and local, the local government's duties are commonly split between county and municipal governments.
The United States government is regulated by a system of checks and balances defined by the U.S. Constitution, which serves as the country's supreme legal document. The bicameral Congress, made up of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The House of Representatives has 435 voting members, each representing a congressional district for a two-year term. The Senate has 100 members with each state having two senators, elected at-large to six-year terms; one third of Senate seats are up for election every other year.
The Supreme Court headed by the Chief Justice of the United States, has nine members, who are nominated by the president and confirmed with the advice and consent of the Senate serve for life. The Supreme Court of United States is further supported by Courts of Appeal, District Courts, State and County Courts.
Population of United States of America as per 2000 census is 281,421,906. The United States is the third most populous nation in the world, after China and India. Life expectancy rate for males is 75.65 years and for females is 80.69 years as of 2009 estimation. There is no official language at federal level, but some laws such as US Naturalization requirements standardize English. The basic literacy rate of United States is approximately 99%.
The US has the largest and most technologically powerful economy in the world, with a per capita GDP of $46,900. The United States of America ranks seventeenth in the world in nominal GDP per capita and sixth in GDP per capita at PPP. US firms are at or near the forefront in technological advances, especially in computers and in medical, aerospace, and military equipment. The United States is the largest importer of goods and third largest exporter. The United States is the third largest producer of oil in the world, as well as its largest importer. USA is the world's number one producer of electrical and nuclear energy, as well as liquid natural gas, sulfur, phosphates, and salt. The United States of America is the world's top producer of corn and soybeans.
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